Extending southwest to northeast along Virginia's western border is the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region. The Great Valley, sometimes called the Valley of Virginia, lies against the Blue Ridge in the east. Actually, the Great Valley is a series of valleys divided by mountains. The largest and most well-known of these valleys is the Shenandoah Valley. The Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region is riddled with caverns carved into the abundant limestone.

Named for the river which stretches much of its length, the Shenandoah Valley encompasses seven counties in Virginia as well as two counties in West Virginia. Between Roanoke in the south and Harpers Ferry in the north, where the Shenandoah River joins the Potomac, the Valley contains municipalities of various sizes like Staunton, Harrisonburg, Winchester, Lexington, Waynesboro, and Front Royal. The northern section of the Shenandoah Valley is split in half by the Massanutten Mountain range.

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